Best ADHD medications explained: What’s right for you?

Types of ADHD medications

ADHD medications are primarily divided into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulants. Each category has distinct ways of helping manage symptoms, and a psychiatrist will help select the best option that is tailored to you and your needs.

1. Stimulant medications

Stimulants are the most frequently prescribed medications for ADHD due to their effectiveness. They work by boosting the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine. These chemicals are involved in attention, focus, and impulse control. Here are the main types of stimulants:

• Methylphenidate-based medications: These increase dopamine levels in the brain, which helps enhance focus and reduce impulsivity. They are often chosen for their quick action and relatively mild side effect profile. Common examples include:

• Ritalin: Provides short-term relief and is often used for children and adults.

• Concerta: A long-acting version of methylphenidate that offers extended symptom control throughout the day.

• Metadate: Similar to Ritalin but with varying release mechanisms to tailor the duration of action.

• Amphetamine-based medications: These medications also increase dopamine and norepinephrine but through a different mechanism. They can be effective if methylphenidate-based options aren’t suitable. Examples include:

• Adderall: A combination of amphetamine salts that work together to improve focus and control.

• Adderall XR: An extended-release form of Adderall that provides longer-lasting symptom management.

• Vyvanse: A prodrug that converts to active medication in the body, offering a gradual and sustained effect.

• Dexedrine: A more focused form of amphetamine that can be useful for managing ADHD symptoms.

Your Kansas- and Missouri-licensed psychiatrist will help determine which stimulant medication is right for you based on your specific symptoms and response to treatment.

2. Non-stimulant medications

Non-stimulant medications can be an alternative for those who experience side effects from stimulants or need a different approach. These medications work through various mechanisms to manage ADHD symptoms:

• Atomoxetine (Strattera): This non-stimulant medication increases the levels of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter associated with attention and impulse control. It is particularly useful for those who do not tolerate stimulants well. Atomoxetine takes a few weeks to show effects, but it can provide consistent symptom relief without the risk of stimulant-related side effects.

• Guanfacine (Intuniv): Originally developed to treat high blood pressure, guanfacine affects receptors in the brain that help control impulses and hyperactivity. It’s often used as an adjunct to stimulant medications or as a standalone treatment for managing ADHD symptoms. It can help with attention and behavioral issues and is usually taken once a day.

• Clonidine (Kapvay): Similar to guanfacine, clonidine works by affecting brain receptors to help manage ADHD symptoms, particularly impulsivity and hyperactivity. It can be effective on its own or in combination with other ADHD medications. It is usually taken in the evening to help with sleep-related issues as well.